This research investigated two fungal pathogens: Phacidium infestans DSM 5139, which is also known as the snow blight fungus that primarily affects conifers, and Colletotrichum salicis (strain SimOT6), which belongs to a significant plant pathogen group responsible for anthracnose disease. These fungi pose ecological and economic concerns due to their impact on forest and plant health. Studying their genomic and metabolomic profiles is crucial to understand their pathogenicity and adaptation to environmental conditions.
Whole genome sequencing and in silico analyses were performed on the selected fungi. They were investigated for their virulence effectors, secondary metabolites, carbohydrate-active enzymes and adaptation strategies. Emphasis was placed on the decomposition capabilities of P. infestans in its challenging ecological niche. Metabolomic analyses using mass spectrometry were conducted on P. infestans extracts to elucidate its ability to grow at freezing temperatures and tolerate pine needle compounds, which are known for their bioactive properties. The genomic analyses of P. infestans and C. salicis SimOT6 provide new insights into their survival strategies, nutrient acquisition and host interactions. The metabolomic study of P. infestans revealed its capability to decompose pine needles despite their chemical nature. On the other hand, the investigation of SimOT6 for its potential endophytic behaviour in Salix showed that fungi can act as latent pathogens, switching between endophytic and pathogenic lifestyles depending on the circumstances. These findings advance our understanding of fungal pathogenicity and adaptation, while also highlighting potential biotechnological applications of their enzymes and metabolites. These insights may pave the way for novel approaches in pest management and disease prevention in the context of climate change.